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a place at the extremity of the

  • 1 prima

    prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;

    but primus is rarely used for prior,

    Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).
    I.
    In gen.:

    qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:

    primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:

    verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,

    Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:

    primae litterae,

    id. Att. 9, 6, 5:

    primus inter homines nobilissimos,

    id. Sest. 3, 6:

    primi ex omnibus philosophis,

    id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:

    primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,

    Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:

    primus de mille fuisses,

    Ov. H. 17, 105:

    in primis,

    among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:

    in primis stetit,

    id. Epam. 10, 3:

    in primis pugnantes,

    Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:

    primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),

    Quint. 3, 1, 8.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:

    in primā provinciā,

    at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:

    digitus,

    the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:

    dentes,

    the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:

    ranis prima lingua cohaeret,

    the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:

    primā statim nocte,

    at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:

    sol,

    i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:

    luna,

    i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:

    primo quoque tempore,

    at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:

    primo quoque die,

    id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

    me tibi primum quidque concedente,

    id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:

    fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,

    id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:

    quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,

    Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:

    prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),

    Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:

    multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:

    in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,

    Cic. Or. 8, 26:

    suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,

    id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:

    hoc a primo cogitavit,

    id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:

    id a primo rectissime dicitur,

    id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:

    equites in primo late ire jubet,

    in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:

    qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,

    Cic. Or. 64, 215. —
    B.
    First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:

    princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    sui municipii facile primus,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

    homo,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:

    primis urbis placuisse,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:

    juvenum primi,

    Verg. A. 9, 785:

    est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

    quia sum apud te primus,

    I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

    primus humani generis,

    Sil. 17, 255:

    urbem Italiae primam,

    Petr. 116:

    praedium,

    Cato, R. R. 1:

    suavia prima habere,

    to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:

    otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,

    Sall. C. 36, 4:

    cura,

    a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:

    peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,

    Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:

    primas partes, or primas agere,

    to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:

    primas in causis agebat Hortensius,

    Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:

    actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:

    amoris erga me tibi primas defero,

    i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:

    si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:

    primas tenere,

    to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:

    homo domi suae cum primis locuples,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:

    in primis lautus eques,

    Nep. Att. 13, 1:

    oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:

    homo in primis improbissimus,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §

    68: vir magnus in primis,

    id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

    in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,

    id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

    in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,

    id. Att. 5, 1, 3:

    in primis... dein,

    first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).
    A. 1.
    In gen.:

    aedes primo ruere rebamur,

    Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:

    neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:

    primo non accredidit,

    Nep. Dat. 3, 4:

    Themistocles solus primo profectus est,

    id. Them. 6, 5:

    contemptus est primo a tyrannis,

    id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—
    2.
    With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:

    primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

    primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,

    Sall. C. 10, 3:

    primo... deinde... tum... tum,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:

    primo... deinde,

    Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:

    primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,

    Cels. 5, 26, 34:

    primo... inde,... hinc,

    Liv. 30, 11, 6:

    haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,

    Sall. C. 10, 6:

    dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 15:

    primo... postea... postremo, etc.,

    Liv. 26, 39:

    primo... mox,

    id. 1, 50:

    primo... mox deinde,

    Just. 1, 3:

    primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,

    Sall. J. 111, 2:

    neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—
    3.
    (Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:

    primo... iterum,

    Liv. 2, 51:

    primo... rursus,

    Suet. Aug. 17:

    primo... secundo,

    Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—
    B. 1.
    In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:

    Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

    primum... deinde... deinde,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:

    primum... deinde... tum... postremo,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:

    primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,

    id. Div. 2, 56, 116:

    primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,

    id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:

    primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,

    id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:

    primum... subinde,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:

    primum... mox,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—
    2.
    Without other adverbs.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    quaerenda pecunia primum est,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:

    te Quicumque primum Produxit,

    id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—
    (β).
    Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:

    primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—
    3.
    With ut, ubi, simulac, cum.
    (α).
    Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:

    ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:

    ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:

    simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,

    id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

    tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—
    (β).
    Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):

    post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—
    (γ).
    With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):

    primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:

    omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,

    id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:

    primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—
    (δ).
    With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:

    hodie primum ire in ganeum,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:

    quo die primum convocati su mus,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—
    * C.
    prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—
    D.
    prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > prima

  • 2 primumdum

    prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;

    but primus is rarely used for prior,

    Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).
    I.
    In gen.:

    qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:

    primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:

    verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,

    Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:

    primae litterae,

    id. Att. 9, 6, 5:

    primus inter homines nobilissimos,

    id. Sest. 3, 6:

    primi ex omnibus philosophis,

    id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:

    primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,

    Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:

    primus de mille fuisses,

    Ov. H. 17, 105:

    in primis,

    among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:

    in primis stetit,

    id. Epam. 10, 3:

    in primis pugnantes,

    Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:

    primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),

    Quint. 3, 1, 8.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:

    in primā provinciā,

    at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:

    digitus,

    the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:

    dentes,

    the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:

    ranis prima lingua cohaeret,

    the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:

    primā statim nocte,

    at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:

    sol,

    i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:

    luna,

    i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:

    primo quoque tempore,

    at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:

    primo quoque die,

    id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

    me tibi primum quidque concedente,

    id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:

    fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,

    id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:

    quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,

    Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:

    prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),

    Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:

    multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:

    in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,

    Cic. Or. 8, 26:

    suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,

    id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:

    hoc a primo cogitavit,

    id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:

    id a primo rectissime dicitur,

    id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:

    equites in primo late ire jubet,

    in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:

    qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,

    Cic. Or. 64, 215. —
    B.
    First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:

    princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    sui municipii facile primus,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

    homo,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:

    primis urbis placuisse,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:

    juvenum primi,

    Verg. A. 9, 785:

    est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

    quia sum apud te primus,

    I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

    primus humani generis,

    Sil. 17, 255:

    urbem Italiae primam,

    Petr. 116:

    praedium,

    Cato, R. R. 1:

    suavia prima habere,

    to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:

    otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,

    Sall. C. 36, 4:

    cura,

    a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:

    peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,

    Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:

    primas partes, or primas agere,

    to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:

    primas in causis agebat Hortensius,

    Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:

    actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:

    amoris erga me tibi primas defero,

    i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:

    si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:

    primas tenere,

    to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:

    homo domi suae cum primis locuples,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:

    in primis lautus eques,

    Nep. Att. 13, 1:

    oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:

    homo in primis improbissimus,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §

    68: vir magnus in primis,

    id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

    in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,

    id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

    in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,

    id. Att. 5, 1, 3:

    in primis... dein,

    first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).
    A. 1.
    In gen.:

    aedes primo ruere rebamur,

    Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:

    neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:

    primo non accredidit,

    Nep. Dat. 3, 4:

    Themistocles solus primo profectus est,

    id. Them. 6, 5:

    contemptus est primo a tyrannis,

    id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—
    2.
    With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:

    primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

    primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,

    Sall. C. 10, 3:

    primo... deinde... tum... tum,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:

    primo... deinde,

    Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:

    primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,

    Cels. 5, 26, 34:

    primo... inde,... hinc,

    Liv. 30, 11, 6:

    haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,

    Sall. C. 10, 6:

    dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 15:

    primo... postea... postremo, etc.,

    Liv. 26, 39:

    primo... mox,

    id. 1, 50:

    primo... mox deinde,

    Just. 1, 3:

    primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,

    Sall. J. 111, 2:

    neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—
    3.
    (Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:

    primo... iterum,

    Liv. 2, 51:

    primo... rursus,

    Suet. Aug. 17:

    primo... secundo,

    Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—
    B. 1.
    In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:

    Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

    primum... deinde... deinde,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:

    primum... deinde... tum... postremo,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:

    primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,

    id. Div. 2, 56, 116:

    primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,

    id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:

    primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,

    id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:

    primum... subinde,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:

    primum... mox,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—
    2.
    Without other adverbs.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    quaerenda pecunia primum est,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:

    te Quicumque primum Produxit,

    id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—
    (β).
    Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:

    primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—
    3.
    With ut, ubi, simulac, cum.
    (α).
    Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:

    ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:

    ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:

    simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,

    id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

    tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—
    (β).
    Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):

    post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—
    (γ).
    With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):

    primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:

    omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,

    id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:

    primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—
    (δ).
    With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:

    hodie primum ire in ganeum,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:

    quo die primum convocati su mus,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—
    * C.
    prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—
    D.
    prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > primumdum

  • 3 primus

    prīmus, a, um, adj. sup. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); whence also prior, priscus; cf.: privus, privo, etc., and v. pro], the first, first (properly only when three or more are referred to. The first, as opp. to the second, is prior;

    but primus is rarely used for prior,

    Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).
    I.
    In gen.:

    qui primus vulnus dicitur obligavisse,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57:

    primus sentio mala nostra: primus rescisco omnia: Primus porro obnuntio,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7:

    verum primum: verum igitur et extremum,

    Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27:

    primae litterae,

    id. Att. 9, 6, 5:

    primus inter homines nobilissimos,

    id. Sest. 3, 6:

    primi ex omnibus philosophis,

    id. Fin. 4, 7, 17:

    primus Graeciae in Thraciam introiit,

    Nep. Alcib. 7, 4:

    primus de mille fuisses,

    Ov. H. 17, 105:

    in primis,

    among the first, in the foremost ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3:

    in primis stetit,

    id. Epam. 10, 3:

    in primis pugnantes,

    Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem primus, aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat (= ut primum, etc., poet.), Verg. A. 11, 573:

    primus post eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse aliqua circa rhetoricen Empedocles dicitur (= secundus or proximus ab iis),

    Quint. 3, 1, 8.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    In time or place, first, fore, foremost, the first part; sometimes to be translated, the end, extremity, etc.:

    in primā provinciā,

    at the entrance of the province, Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2:

    digitus,

    the tip of the finger, Cat. 2, 3:

    dentes,

    the front teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35:

    ranis prima lingua cohaeret,

    the end of the tongue, id. 11, 37, 65, § 172:

    primā statim nocte,

    at the beginning of the night, Col. 10, 190:

    sol,

    i. e. the rising sun, Verg. A. 6, 255:

    luna,

    i. e. the new moon, Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With quisque, the first possible, the very first:

    primo quoque tempore,

    at the very first opportunity, Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1:

    primo quoque die,

    id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

    me tibi primum quidque concedente,

    id. Ac. 2, 16, 49:

    fluit voluptas et prima quaeque avolat,

    id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.— Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the first part, the beginning:

    quod bellum, si prima satis prospera fuissent,

    Liv. 8, 3.—Of the first principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186:

    prima consiliorum (for prima consilia),

    Tac. H. 2, 11: a primo, from the beginning, at first:

    multum improbiores sunt quam a primo credidi,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37:

    in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a primo: deinde pressius,

    Cic. Or. 8, 26:

    suam vim retinere a primo ad extremum,

    id. Fin. 4, 13, 32:

    hoc a primo cogitavit,

    id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.:

    id a primo rectissime dicitur,

    id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in primo, in front, before, in the beginning, first:

    equites in primo late ire jubet,

    in the van, Sall. J. 68, 4:

    qui numerus in primo viget, jacet in extremo,

    Cic. Or. 64, 215. —
    B.
    First in rank or station, chief, principal, most excellent, eminent, distinguished, noble (cf.:

    princeps, primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium quindecim primos,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    sui municipii facile primus,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

    homo,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37:

    primis urbis placuisse,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23:

    juvenum primi,

    Verg. A. 9, 785:

    est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:

    quia sum apud te primus,

    I am the first in your favor, id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

    primus humani generis,

    Sil. 17, 255:

    urbem Italiae primam,

    Petr. 116:

    praedium,

    Cato, R. R. 1:

    suavia prima habere,

    to give the first place to, think the most of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9:

    otium atque divitiae, quae prima mortales putant,

    Sall. C. 36, 4:

    cura,

    a chief part, Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, most conspicuous, chief, in a bad sense:

    peccatores, quorum primus ego sum,

    Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15:

    primas partes, or primas agere,

    to play the first part, to occupy the first rank, Ter. Phorm. prol. 27:

    primas in causis agebat Hortensius,

    Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: primas dare, to give the first place, ascribe the greatest importance to a thing:

    actioni primas dedisse Demosthenes dicitur, cum rogaretur, quid in dicendo esset primum: huic secundas, huic tertias,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: primas deferre, to transfer the first or principal part:

    amoris erga me tibi primas defero,

    i. e. I assign to you the first rank among those who love me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: primas concedere, to yield the first place:

    si Allienus tibi primas in dicendo partes concesserit,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:

    primas tenere,

    to play the first part, be the best, id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one word, impri-mis), with or among the first, chiefly, especially, principally, particularly:

    homo domi suae cum primis locuples,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:

    in primis lautus eques,

    Nep. Att. 13, 1:

    oppidum in primis Siciliae clarum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86:

    homo in primis improbissimus,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 27, §

    68: vir magnus in primis,

    id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

    in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat,

    id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

    in primis nobis sermo de te fuit,

    id. Att. 5, 1, 3:

    in primis... dein,

    first, in the first place, Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., primo and primum; also, ante- and post-class. and very rare, prime and primiter (the form primo is usually limited to that which is strictly first in time; primum in enumerations of contemporary facts, things, or arguments, where the order is at the speaker's choice; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).
    A. 1.
    In gen.:

    aedes primo ruere rebamur,

    Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42:

    neque credebam primo mihimet Sosiae,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:

    primo non accredidit,

    Nep. Dat. 3, 4:

    Themistocles solus primo profectus est,

    id. Them. 6, 5:

    contemptus est primo a tyrannis,

    id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—
    2.
    With dein, deinde, inde, post, postea, mox, denique, nunc:

    primo Stoicorum more agamus, deinde nostro instituto vagabimur,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13:

    primo pecuniae, dein imperii cupido crevit,

    Sall. C. 10, 3:

    primo... deinde... tum... tum,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50:

    primo... deinde,

    Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11:

    primo abstinentiā utendum: deinde danda, etc.,

    Cels. 5, 26, 34:

    primo... inde,... hinc,

    Liv. 30, 11, 6:

    haec primo paulatim crescere: post, etc.,

    Sall. C. 10, 6:

    dissuadente primo Vercingetorige, post concedente,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 15:

    primo... postea... postremo, etc.,

    Liv. 26, 39:

    primo... mox,

    id. 1, 50:

    primo... mox deinde,

    Just. 1, 3:

    primo negitare, denique saepius fatigatus, etc.,

    Sall. J. 111, 2:

    neque illi credebam primo, nunc vero palam est,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—
    3.
    (Mostly post-Aug. for primum.) With iterum, rursus, secundo:

    primo... iterum,

    Liv. 2, 51:

    primo... rursus,

    Suet. Aug. 17:

    primo... secundo,

    Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—
    B. 1.
    In enumerations, with a foll. deinde, tum:

    Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium e conspectu remotis equis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

    primum... deinde... deinde,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143:

    primum... deinde... tum... postremo,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 3:

    primum... deinde... praeterea... postremo,

    id. Div. 2, 56, 116:

    primum... tum... deinde... post... tum... deinde....,

    id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.:

    primum... secundo loco... deinde... tum,

    id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3:

    primum... subinde,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15:

    primum... mox,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—
    2.
    Without other adverbs.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    quaerenda pecunia primum est,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53:

    te Quicumque primum Produxit,

    id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—
    (β).
    Strengthened with omnium, first of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13:

    primum omnium ego ipse vigilo,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—
    3.
    With ut, ubi, simulac, cum.
    (α).
    Ut primum, ubi primum, simul ac primum, cum primum, as soon as ever, as soon as:

    ut primum potestas data est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1:

    ubi primum potuit, istum reliquit,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48:

    simul ac primum niti possunt, etc.,

    id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

    tum affuerat, cum primum dati sunt judices,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—
    (β).
    Nunc primum, now first, now for the first time (cf.: nunc demum, now at last):

    post illa nunc primum audio, Quid illo sit factum,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—
    (γ).
    With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one word, pri-mumdum), in the first place, first (anteclass.):

    primum dum, si falso insimulas, etc. Iterum si id verum est, etc.,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26:

    omnium primumdum haed aedes jam face occlusae sicut,

    id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57:

    primum dum omnium male dictitatur tibi vulgo in sermonibus,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—
    (δ).
    With adv. or other expression of time, for the first time:

    hodie primum ire in ganeum,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37:

    quo die primum convocati su mus,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—
    * C.
    prīmē, es pecially: fabula prime proba, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—
    D.
    prīmĭter, at first, first of all (ante- and post-class.): eripis primiter dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the beginning of the third century of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > primus

  • 4 ad

    ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].
    I.
    As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    Direction toward, to, toward, and first,
    a.
    Horizontally:

    fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

    the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

    Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

    and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—
    b.
    In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

    duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

    Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

    ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

    Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

    ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 188:

    altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

    Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—
    c.
    Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

    tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.
    2.
    The point or goal at which any thing arrives.
    a.
    Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

    ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,
    (α).
    With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

    ad Sullam adire,

    id. ib. 25:

    ad se adferre,

    id. Verr. 4, 50:

    reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

    id. ib. 5, 27:

    ad laborem adhortantur,

    id. de Sen. 14:

    T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

    id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—
    (β).
    Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

    oratus sum venire ad te huc,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

    eamus ad me,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

    ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

    transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

    id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

    te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

    Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—
    (γ).
    Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

    Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

    in aedem Veneris,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

    in aedem Concordiae,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

    2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

    to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

    ad Opis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

    ad Castoris,

    id. Quint. 17:

    ad Juturnae,

    id. Clu. 101:

    ad Vestae,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—
    (δ).
    With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

    postea ad pistores dabo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

    praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

    in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

    nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

    de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

    id. ib. 5, 3:

    velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

    id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

    ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

    in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

    ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

    Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

    has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

    Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

    quae institueram, ad te mittam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

    and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

    Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —
    (ε).
    With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

    miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

    Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

    ad Veios,

    Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

    ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

    Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

    or when it is joined with usque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

    magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

    Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—
    (ζ).
    With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

    nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

    Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

    Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

    Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

    ipse ad hostem vehitur,

    Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

    aliquem ad hostem ducere,

    Tac. A. 2, 52:

    clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

    Verg. A. 2, 443:

    munio me ad haec tempora,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

    ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

    so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 24:

    remedium ad tertianam,

    Petr. Sat. 18:

    munimen ad imbris,

    Verg. G. 2, 352:

    farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

    Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

    ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

    Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—
    (η).
    The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

    nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

    vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

    Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—
    b.
    The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

    via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

    rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

    Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

    cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

    ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

    Curt. 3, 9, 10:

    laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

    id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

    ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

    Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

    vestis ad Seras peti,

    id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

    si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

    deverberasse usque ad necem,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

    without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

    virgis ad necem caedi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.
    3.
    Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

    ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

    3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

    stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

    apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

    astiterunt ad januam,

    Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

    non adest ad exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

    aderant ad spectaculum istud,

    Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

    et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

    Lucr. 3, 959:

    quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

    at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

    haec arma habere ad manum,

    Quint. 12, 5, 1:

    dominum esse ad villam,

    Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

    errantem ad flumina,

    Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

    pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

    qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

    Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

    among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

    neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

    Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

    si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

    villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

    “Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

    Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

    pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    conchas ad Caietam legunt,

    id. Or. 2, 6:

    ad forum esse,

    to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

    ad dextram,

    Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    ad laevam,

    Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

    ad dextram... ad laevam,

    Liv. 40, 6;

    and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

    at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

    sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

    Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.
    B.
    In time, analogous to the relations given in A.
    1.
    Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

    domum reductus ad vesperum,

    toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

    toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—
    2.
    The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

    ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

    philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

    quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

    ad multam noctem,

    Cic. de Sen. 14:

    Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

    id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

    Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

    bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

    id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8:

    usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—
    3.
    Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

    praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

    at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

    admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

    on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

    nostra ad diem dictam fient,

    id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

    ad id tempus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.
    C.
    The relations of number.
    1.
    An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

    ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

    nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

    quasi ad quadraginta minas,

    as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

    sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

    id. Clu. 40, 110:

    ad hominum milia decem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

    id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

    occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

    id. B. C. 3, 53:

    ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

    Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—
    2.
    The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

    ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

    aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

    even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

    miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

    to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

    quid ad denarium solveretur,

    Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

    de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

    Cic. Lael. 23:

    ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

    Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

    naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

    ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

    Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

    Verg. A. 5, 687.
    D.
    In the manifold relations of one object to another.
    1.
    That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.
    a.
    With verbs:

    ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

    in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

    numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

    nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

    that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

    nil est ad nos,

    is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

    nil ad me attinet,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

    nihil ad rem pertinet,

    Cic. Caecin. 58;

    and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

    Quid ad praetorem?

    id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—
    b.
    With adjectives:

    ad has res perspicax,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    virum ad cetera egregium,

    Liv. 37, 7, 15:

    auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

    id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

    difficilis (res) ad credendum,

    Lucr. 2, 1027:

    ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—
    c.
    With nouns:

    prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

    before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

    mentis ad omnia caecitas,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

    magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

    id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

    ad cetera paene gemelli,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

    facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

    Cic. Font. 6;

    facultas ad agendum,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—
    d.
    In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

    jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

    Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—
    2.
    With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

    columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

    Cic. Mur. 77:

    taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

    ad amussim non est numerus,

    Varr. 2, 1, 26:

    ad imaginem facere,

    Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

    ad cursus lunae describit annum,

    Liv. 1, 19:

    omnia ad diem facta sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

    id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

    ad aequos flexus,

    at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

    turres ad altitudiem valli,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

    ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

    id. 44, 11:

    ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

    with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

    stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

    Suet. Ner. 31:

    lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

    Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

    canere ad tibiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

    in numerum ludere,

    Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

    quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

    ad unguem factus homo,

    a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

    ad istorum normam sapientes,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

    Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

    ad simulacrum,

    Liv. 40, 6:

    ad Punica ingenia,

    id. 21, 22:

    ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

    Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

    omnia fient ad verum,

    Juv. 6, 324:

    quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

    ad hunc modum institutus est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

    ad eundem istunc modum,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

    quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

    of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

    91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

    Lucr. 2, 281:

    ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

    to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

    ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

    id. Rab. Post. 21:

    aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

    rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26:

    rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

    id. Font. 36:

    ad vulgi opinionem,

    id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

    ad instar castrorum,

    Just. 36, 3, 2:

    scoparum,

    App. M. 9, p. 232:

    speculi,

    id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

    ad navis feratur,

    like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

    ad specus angustiac vallium,

    like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,
    3.
    With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.
    a.
    The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

    cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

    Lucr. 3, 144:

    ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

    on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—
    b.
    The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,
    (α).
    is done,
    (β).
    is designed, or,
    (γ).
    is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.
    (α).
    Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

    venimus coctum ad nuptias,

    in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

    cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

    in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

    quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

    utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

    ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

    for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

    haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

    Sall. C. 13, 4:

    ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

    paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

    for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—
    (β).
    Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

    ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

    (in the same sense: in rem,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

    ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

    ad frena leones,

    Verg. A. 10, 253:

    delecto ad naves milite,

    marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

    servos ad remum,

    rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

    servos ad militiam emendos,

    id. 22, 61, 2:

    comparasti ad lecticam homines,

    Cat. 10, 16:

    Lygdamus ad cyathos,

    Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

    puer ad cyathum statuetur,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—
    (γ).
    Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

    haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

    id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

    causa ad objurgandum,

    id. And. 1, 1, 123:

    argumentum ad scribendum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

    vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

    Cato R. R. 125:

    nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

    Cic. Brut. 24:

    reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

    homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

    calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

    sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

    homo ad nullam rem utilis,

    id. Off. 3, 6:

    ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

    Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—
    4.
    Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

    ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

    ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

    terra ad universi caeli complexum,

    compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

    Liv. 22, 22, 15:

    at nihil ad nostram hanc,

    nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.
    E.
    Adverbial phrases with ad.
    1.
    Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

    ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 32, 4.—
    2.
    Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

    nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

    his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

    Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—
    3.
    Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

    ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

    Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—
    4.
    Ad tempus.
    a.
    At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—
    b.
    At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—
    c.
    For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—
    d.
    According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—
    5.
    Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).
    a.
    For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—
    b.
    At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—
    6.
    Ad locum, on the spot:

    ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

    Liv. 27, 27, 2.—
    7.
    Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—
    8.
    Ad summam.
    a.
    On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    b.
    In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —
    9.
    Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.
    a.
    At the end, finally, at last.
    (α).
    Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

    Liv. 21, 8, 10.—
    (β).
    Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

    ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,
    (γ).
    of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

    ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—
    b.
    In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

    consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

    id. 28, 28, 8.—
    10.
    Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—
    11.
    Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.
    ► a.
    Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

    traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—
    b.
    Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

    quam ad,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

    senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

    ripam ad Araxis,

    Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

    or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

    id. ib. 12, 8.—
    c.
    The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).
    II.
    In composition.
    A.
    Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—
    B.
    Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.
    1.
    Local.
    a.
    To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—
    b.
    At, by: astare, adesse.—
    c.
    On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—
    d.
    Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—
    2.
    Fig.
    a.
    To: adjudico, adsentior.—
    b.
    At or on: admiror, adludo.—
    c.
    Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—
    d.
    Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—
    e.
    Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—
    f.
    Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ad

  • 5 ad

       ad praep. with acc.    [cf. Eng. at].—Of approach (opp. to ab, as in to ex).    I. In space, to, toward: retorquet oculos ad urbem: una pars vergit ad septentriones, Cs.: tendens ad sidera palmas, V. —Fig.: ad alia vitia propensior, more inclined to. —Esp., ad dextram, sinistram, or laevam, to or on the right or left: ito ad dextram, T.: alqd ad dextram conspicere, Cs.: non rectā regione... sed ad laevam, L.—Designating the goal, to, toward: ad ripam convenire, Cs.: vocari ad cenam, H.: ad se adferre: reticulum ad narīs sibi admovebat (cf. accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; and, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province).— Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in T. freq.): eamus ad me, T. — With gen., ellipt.: ad Dianae, to the temple of, T.: ad Castoris currere. — Used for dat: litteras dare ad aliquem, to write one a letter (cf. litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one): domum ad te scribere: ad primam (epistulam) scribere, to answer.—Hence, librum ad aliquem mittere, scribere, to dedicate a book to one. —In titles, ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to.— With names of towns, ad answers to Whither? for the simple acc., i. e. to the vicinity of, to the neighborhood of: ad Aquinum accedere, approach: ut cum suis copiis iret ad Mutinam. — Of hostile movement or protection, against (cf. adversus): veniri ad se existimantes, Cs.: ipse ad hostem vehitur, N.: Romulus ad regem impetum facit (cf. in), L.: clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt, V.: ad hos casūs provisa praesidia, Cs.—In war, of manner of fighting: ad pedes pugna venerat, was fought out on foot, L.: equitem ad pedes deducere, L.: pugna ad gladios venerat, L. — Emphatic of distance, to, even to, all the way to: a Salonis ad Oricum portūs... occupavit, Cs.: usque a Dianis ad Sinopum navigare. — Fig.: deverberasse usque ad necem, T.: virgis ad necem caedi.—Of nearness or proximity in gen. (cf. apud), near to, by, at, close by: ad forīs adsistere: Ianum ad infimum Argiletum fecit, L.: quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset, at hand, L.: errantem ad flumina, V.; and ellipt.: pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret! — Of persons: qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat, Cs.: ad me fuit, at my house: ad inferos poenas parricidi luent, among.—So, fig.: ad omnīs nationes sanctum, in the judgment of, Cs.: ut esset ad posteros monumentum, etc., L.: ad urbem esse (of a general outside of the walls): ad urbem cum imperio remanere, Cs.—With names of towns and verbs of rest: pons, qui erat ad Genavam, Cs.; and with an ordinal number and lapis: sepultus ad quintum lapidem, N.—    II. In time, about, toward: domum reductus ad vesperum, toward evening.—Till, until, to, even to, up to: usque ad hanc aetatem: ad multam noctem: amant ad quoddam tempus, until: quem ad finem? how long: ad quartam (sc. horam), H. — Hence, ad id (sc. tempus), till then: ad id dubios servare animos, L.— At, on, in, by: ad horam destinatam, at the appointed hour: frumentum ad diem dare. —    III. In number or amount, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. circiter): talenta ad quindecim coëgi, T.: annos ad quadraginta natus.—Adverb.: occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor, Cs.: ad duo milia et trecenti occisi, L.—Of a limit, to, unto, even to (rare): (viaticum) ad assem perdere, to the last farthing, H.: ad denarium solvere. —Esp., ad unum, to a single one, without exception: omnes ad unum idem sentiunt: exosus ad unum Troianos, V. —    IV. In other relations, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in: ad honorem antecellere: nihil ad rem pertinet.—Ellipt.: rectene an secus, nihil ad nos: Quid ad praetorem? quid ad rem? i. e. what difference does it make? H.: quibus (auxiliaribus) ad pugnam confidebat, Cs.: ad speciem ornatus, ad sensum acerbus: mentis ad omnia caecitas: ad cetera paene gemelli, H.: facultas ad dicendum.—With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., according to, agreeably to, after: taleis ad certum pondus examinatis, Cs.: ad cursūs lunae describit annum, L.: canere ad tibiam: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (see unguis), H.: ad istorum normam sapientes: ad specus angustiae vallium (i. e. ad specuum similitudinem angustae valles), Cs. — With the cause or reason, according to, at, on, in consequence of, for, in order to: ad horum proces in Boeotiam duxit, on their entreaty, L.: dictis ad fallendum instructis, L.: causae ad discordiam, to produce dissension, T.: ad facinora incendere, S.: ad speciem tabernaculis relictis, for appearance, Cs.: ad id, for this use, as a means to that end, L.: ad id ipsum, for that my purpose, L.: delecto milite ad navīs, marines, L.: puer ad cyathum statuetur, H.: biiugi ad frena leones, yoked in pairs with bits, V.: res quae sunt ad incendia, Cs.: ad communem salutem utilius.—In comparison, to, compared with, in comparison with: terra ad universi caeli complexum: nihil ad tuum equitatum, Caesar.—    V. In adverbial phrases, ad omnia, withal, to crown all: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc., L.—Ad hoc and ad haec, moreover, besides, in addition: ad hoc, quos... postremo omnes, quos, etc., S. — Ad id quod, beside that (rare): ad id quod... indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur, L. — Ad tempus, at a definite, fixed time, C., L.; at a fit, appropriate time, L.; for some time, for a short time, L.; according to circumstances. — Ad praesens, for the moment, for a short time.—Ad locum, on the spot: ut ad locum miles esset paratus, L.—Ad verbum, word for word, literally. — Ad summam, on the whole, generally, in general; in a word, in short, C., H.—Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum, at the end, finally, at last; of place, at the extremity, at the top, at the end: ad extremum (teli) unde ferrum exstabat, L.; of time, at last, finally: ad extremum incipit philosophari; of order, finally, lastly; to the last degree, quite, L. — Quem ad finem? to what limit? how far? how long? Note.—a. Ad rarely follows its acc: quam ad, T.: quos ad, C.: ripam ad Araxis, Ta.—b. In composition, ad- stands before vowels, b, d, f, h, i consonant, m, n, q, v, and mostly before l, r, s; acbefore c; but very often ad- before cl-, cr-, and cu-; ag- or ad- before g; ap- or ad- before p; atbefore t; but a- or ad- before gn, sp, sc, st.
    * * *
    I II
    to, up to, towards; near, at; until, on, by; almost; according to; about w/NUM

    Latin-English dictionary > ad

  • 6 Terentos

    Tĕrentus or - os, i, f., a place at the extremity of the Campus Martius, on the Tiber, where the Ludi Saeculares were held, Ov. F. 1, 501; Mart. 1, 70, 2, 4, 1, 8; 10, 63, 3; Fest pp. 350 and 351 Müll. — Hence, Tĕrentīnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Terentus, Terentine: ludi, i. e. the secular games, Varr. ap. Censor. de Die Nat. 17; Aus. Idyll. 11, 34:

    tribus,

    Cic. Planc. 17, 43; 22, 54; S. C. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5; Liv. 10, 9, 14:

    nuces,

    Plin. 15, 10, 9, § 35 (al. Tarentinus).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Terentos

  • 7 Terentus

    Tĕrentus or - os, i, f., a place at the extremity of the Campus Martius, on the Tiber, where the Ludi Saeculares were held, Ov. F. 1, 501; Mart. 1, 70, 2, 4, 1, 8; 10, 63, 3; Fest pp. 350 and 351 Müll. — Hence, Tĕrentīnus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Terentus, Terentine: ludi, i. e. the secular games, Varr. ap. Censor. de Die Nat. 17; Aus. Idyll. 11, 34:

    tribus,

    Cic. Planc. 17, 43; 22, 54; S. C. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5; Liv. 10, 9, 14:

    nuces,

    Plin. 15, 10, 9, § 35 (al. Tarentinus).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Terentus

  • 8 cornu

    cornū, ūs (so Caes. B. C. 3, 68 Dint.; Luc. 7, 217; Plin. 28, 11, 46, § 163 et saep.; Curt. 4, 12, 11 al.; ū in the connection cornu bubuli and cornu cervini; also Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 5, 76; Veg. Art. Vet. 1, 20, 1 al.; cf. esp. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 355), n. (access. form cornum, i, n., Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 14; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 5 Fleck.; Lucr. 2, 388; Ov. M. 2, 874; Scrib. Comp. 141; Gell. 14, 6, 2 al.; gen. plur. cornorum, Scrib. Comp. 60. —An access. form cornus, ūs, has been assumed on account of the rel. masc. in the passage:

    nares similes cornibus iis, qui, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149, if the reading is correct.—The dat. sing. apparently never used;

    for in the connection: laevo cornu Cotys rex praeerat... dextro cornu praepositus C. Licinius Crassus,

    Liv. 42, 58, 6 and 7, the supposition of the abl. is more in acc. with the usage of Livy; cf.:

    Antipatrum in laevo praeposuit,

    id. 37, 41, 1 et saep.) [kindred with keras, and Germ. and Engl. horn; cf. also carina, cervus], a horn.
    I.
    Lit., a hard and generally crooked growth upon the head of many mammiferous animals (very freq. in all periods and species of composition), Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123 sq.; Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121;

    of a bullock,

    Lucr. 5, 1033; 5, 1324; Cat. 64, 111; Ov. M. 9, 186; Hor. C. 3, 27, 72; id. S. 1, 5, 58 et saep.;

    also of the constellation Taurus,

    Ov. M. 2, 80;

    of the ram,

    id. ib. 5, 328; and the constellation Aries, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 43, 111;

    of the he-goat,

    Verg. E. 9, 25;

    of kids,

    id. G. 2, 526 al. —Of the antlers of a stag, Ov. M. 3, 194; 10, 111; Verg. A. 10, 725 al.: Cornu Copiae (less correctly, but freq. in late Lat., as one word, Cornūcōpĭae, and twice Cornūcōpĭa, ae, f., Amm. 22, 9, 1; 25, 2, 3), acc. to the fable, the horn of the goat Amalthea placed in heaven, Greek Keras Amaltheias (v. Amalthea), the emblem of fruitfulness and abundance, Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 5; Gell. 14, 6, 2; cf. Hor. C. 1, 17, 16; id. C. S. 60; id. Ep. 1, 12, 29; Ov. M. 9, 88.—
    B.
    Meton., of things similar to horn in substance or form, or made of horn.
    1.
    That which is similar to horn in substance.
    a.
    A hoof, Cato, R. R. 72; Verg. G. 3, 88; Sil. 13, 327.—
    b.
    Of the bills of birds, Ov. M. 14, 502.—
    c.
    The horny skin covering the eye, Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 148.—
    d.
    A horny excrescence on the head, a wart, Hor. S. 1, 5, 58.— Far more freq.,
    2.
    That which is similar to a horn in form, a projecting extremity, the point or end of any object.
    a.
    The tooth or tusk of an elephant, ivory, Varr. L. L. 7, § 39 Müll.; Plin. 8, 3, 4, § 7; 18, 1, 1, § 2:

    cornu Indicum,

    Mart. 1, 73, 4.—
    b.
    The horns of the moon, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 122, 2; Verg. G. 1, 433; Ov. M. 1, 11; 2, 117 et saep.—
    c.
    The branches of a river, Ov. M. 9, 774.—Hence, the river-gods were represented with horns, Verg. G. 4, 371; Mart. 10, 7 et saep.; cf.: corniger, tauriformis, etc., and v. Lidd. and Scott under keras, V.—
    d.
    The arm of the shore forming a harbor, a tongue of land, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 14, 1; Ov. M. 5, 410; Plin. 4, 21, 35, § 113.—
    e.
    The extremity or end of the sailyards, Verg. A. 3, 549; 5, 832; Ov. M. 11, 476; Hor. Epod. 16, 59; Sil. 14. 389.—
    f.
    The cone of a helmet in which the crest was placed:

    cornua cristae,

    Verg. A. 12, 89:

    alterum cornu galeae,

    Liv. 27, 33, 2.—
    g.
    The end of the stick around which books were rolled, usually ornamented with ivory, Tib. 3, 1, 13; Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 8; Mart. 11, 107. —
    h.
    The side of a bow in the form of a horn, Ov. M. 1, 455; 5, 56; 2, 603.—
    i.
    The horn-shaped side of the cithara (perh. the sounding-board), Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149 fin. —
    k.
    The top or summit of a mountain:

    cornua Parnasi,

    Stat. Th. 5, 532; Curt. 3, 4, 4. —
    1.
    The point, end, extremity, wing of a place, Liv. 25, 3, 17; Tac. A. 1, 75; Plin. 34, 6, 12, § 26 al.—
    m.
    The wing of an army (very freq.), Caes. B. G. 1, 52 (three times); 2, 23; 2, 25; 7, 62 (twice); Liv. 9, 40, 3 sq(seven times).—
    * (β).
    Transf.:

    cornua disputationis tuae commovere,

    i. e. to drive back, Cic. Div. 2, 10, 26 (v. the passage in connection).—
    n.
    The feeler or claw of an insect, Plin. 9, 30, 50, § 95; 9, 31, 51, § 99 al. —
    o.
    The stiff hair of the Germans:

    quis stupuit Germani lumina, flavam Caesariem et madido torquentem cornua cirro?

    Juv. 13, 165.—
    3.
    Of objects made of horn.
    a.
    A bow, Verg. E. 10, 59; Ov. M. 5, 383; Sil. 2, 109 al.—
    b.
    A bugle-horn, a horn, trumpet (cornua, quod ea, quae nunc sunt ex aere, tunc fiebant bubulo e cornu, Varr. L. L. 5, § 117 Müll.), Lucil. ap. Non. p. 265, 5; Lucr. 2, 620; Verg. A. 7, 615; Ov. M. 1, 98; 3, 533; Hor. C. 1, 18, 14; 2, 1, 17; Juv. 2, 90; 6, 315.—Connected with tubae, Cic. Sull. 5, 17; Tac. A. 1, 68; 2, 81, cf. Dict. of Antiq., s. v. cornu.—In a sarcastic double sense with a.: dum tendit citharam noster, dum cornua Parthus, Poët. ap. Suet. Ner. 39 (v. the passage in connection).—
    c.
    The sides of the lyre, originally consisting of two horns, giving resonance to the strings, Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; 2, 59, 149.—
    d.
    A lantern, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 185; cf. Lucr 2, 388; and Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 49.—
    e.
    An oil cruet, Hor S. 2, 2, 61.—
    f.
    A funnel, Verg. G. 3, 509; Col. 6, 2, 7 al.—
    II.
    Trop., as an emblem of power, courage, strength, might (the figure taken from bullocks. Also in Heb. a very freq. metaph.; cf. Gesen. Lex. s. v., p. 906, 6; poet.):

    ne in re secundā nunc mi obvortat cornua,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 5:

    venerunt capiti cornua sera meo,

    Ov. Am. 3, 11,:

    tunc pauper cornua sumit,

    gains strength, courage, id. A. A. 1, 239; cf.

    . tu (sc. amphora) addis cornua pauperi, etc.,

    Hor. C. 3, 21, 18.—Hence Bacchus, as a giver of courage, is represented with horns, Tib. 2, 1, 3; Hor. C. 2, 19, 30; v. Bacchus, I.; cf. of a river-god, I. B. 2. c. supra.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cornu

  • 9 Cornucopia

    cornū, ūs (so Caes. B. C. 3, 68 Dint.; Luc. 7, 217; Plin. 28, 11, 46, § 163 et saep.; Curt. 4, 12, 11 al.; ū in the connection cornu bubuli and cornu cervini; also Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 5, 76; Veg. Art. Vet. 1, 20, 1 al.; cf. esp. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 355), n. (access. form cornum, i, n., Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 14; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 5 Fleck.; Lucr. 2, 388; Ov. M. 2, 874; Scrib. Comp. 141; Gell. 14, 6, 2 al.; gen. plur. cornorum, Scrib. Comp. 60. —An access. form cornus, ūs, has been assumed on account of the rel. masc. in the passage:

    nares similes cornibus iis, qui, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149, if the reading is correct.—The dat. sing. apparently never used;

    for in the connection: laevo cornu Cotys rex praeerat... dextro cornu praepositus C. Licinius Crassus,

    Liv. 42, 58, 6 and 7, the supposition of the abl. is more in acc. with the usage of Livy; cf.:

    Antipatrum in laevo praeposuit,

    id. 37, 41, 1 et saep.) [kindred with keras, and Germ. and Engl. horn; cf. also carina, cervus], a horn.
    I.
    Lit., a hard and generally crooked growth upon the head of many mammiferous animals (very freq. in all periods and species of composition), Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123 sq.; Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 121;

    of a bullock,

    Lucr. 5, 1033; 5, 1324; Cat. 64, 111; Ov. M. 9, 186; Hor. C. 3, 27, 72; id. S. 1, 5, 58 et saep.;

    also of the constellation Taurus,

    Ov. M. 2, 80;

    of the ram,

    id. ib. 5, 328; and the constellation Aries, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 43, 111;

    of the he-goat,

    Verg. E. 9, 25;

    of kids,

    id. G. 2, 526 al. —Of the antlers of a stag, Ov. M. 3, 194; 10, 111; Verg. A. 10, 725 al.: Cornu Copiae (less correctly, but freq. in late Lat., as one word, Cornūcōpĭae, and twice Cornūcōpĭa, ae, f., Amm. 22, 9, 1; 25, 2, 3), acc. to the fable, the horn of the goat Amalthea placed in heaven, Greek Keras Amaltheias (v. Amalthea), the emblem of fruitfulness and abundance, Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 5; Gell. 14, 6, 2; cf. Hor. C. 1, 17, 16; id. C. S. 60; id. Ep. 1, 12, 29; Ov. M. 9, 88.—
    B.
    Meton., of things similar to horn in substance or form, or made of horn.
    1.
    That which is similar to horn in substance.
    a.
    A hoof, Cato, R. R. 72; Verg. G. 3, 88; Sil. 13, 327.—
    b.
    Of the bills of birds, Ov. M. 14, 502.—
    c.
    The horny skin covering the eye, Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 148.—
    d.
    A horny excrescence on the head, a wart, Hor. S. 1, 5, 58.— Far more freq.,
    2.
    That which is similar to a horn in form, a projecting extremity, the point or end of any object.
    a.
    The tooth or tusk of an elephant, ivory, Varr. L. L. 7, § 39 Müll.; Plin. 8, 3, 4, § 7; 18, 1, 1, § 2:

    cornu Indicum,

    Mart. 1, 73, 4.—
    b.
    The horns of the moon, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 122, 2; Verg. G. 1, 433; Ov. M. 1, 11; 2, 117 et saep.—
    c.
    The branches of a river, Ov. M. 9, 774.—Hence, the river-gods were represented with horns, Verg. G. 4, 371; Mart. 10, 7 et saep.; cf.: corniger, tauriformis, etc., and v. Lidd. and Scott under keras, V.—
    d.
    The arm of the shore forming a harbor, a tongue of land, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 14, 1; Ov. M. 5, 410; Plin. 4, 21, 35, § 113.—
    e.
    The extremity or end of the sailyards, Verg. A. 3, 549; 5, 832; Ov. M. 11, 476; Hor. Epod. 16, 59; Sil. 14. 389.—
    f.
    The cone of a helmet in which the crest was placed:

    cornua cristae,

    Verg. A. 12, 89:

    alterum cornu galeae,

    Liv. 27, 33, 2.—
    g.
    The end of the stick around which books were rolled, usually ornamented with ivory, Tib. 3, 1, 13; Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 8; Mart. 11, 107. —
    h.
    The side of a bow in the form of a horn, Ov. M. 1, 455; 5, 56; 2, 603.—
    i.
    The horn-shaped side of the cithara (perh. the sounding-board), Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149 fin. —
    k.
    The top or summit of a mountain:

    cornua Parnasi,

    Stat. Th. 5, 532; Curt. 3, 4, 4. —
    1.
    The point, end, extremity, wing of a place, Liv. 25, 3, 17; Tac. A. 1, 75; Plin. 34, 6, 12, § 26 al.—
    m.
    The wing of an army (very freq.), Caes. B. G. 1, 52 (three times); 2, 23; 2, 25; 7, 62 (twice); Liv. 9, 40, 3 sq(seven times).—
    * (β).
    Transf.:

    cornua disputationis tuae commovere,

    i. e. to drive back, Cic. Div. 2, 10, 26 (v. the passage in connection).—
    n.
    The feeler or claw of an insect, Plin. 9, 30, 50, § 95; 9, 31, 51, § 99 al. —
    o.
    The stiff hair of the Germans:

    quis stupuit Germani lumina, flavam Caesariem et madido torquentem cornua cirro?

    Juv. 13, 165.—
    3.
    Of objects made of horn.
    a.
    A bow, Verg. E. 10, 59; Ov. M. 5, 383; Sil. 2, 109 al.—
    b.
    A bugle-horn, a horn, trumpet (cornua, quod ea, quae nunc sunt ex aere, tunc fiebant bubulo e cornu, Varr. L. L. 5, § 117 Müll.), Lucil. ap. Non. p. 265, 5; Lucr. 2, 620; Verg. A. 7, 615; Ov. M. 1, 98; 3, 533; Hor. C. 1, 18, 14; 2, 1, 17; Juv. 2, 90; 6, 315.—Connected with tubae, Cic. Sull. 5, 17; Tac. A. 1, 68; 2, 81, cf. Dict. of Antiq., s. v. cornu.—In a sarcastic double sense with a.: dum tendit citharam noster, dum cornua Parthus, Poët. ap. Suet. Ner. 39 (v. the passage in connection).—
    c.
    The sides of the lyre, originally consisting of two horns, giving resonance to the strings, Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; 2, 59, 149.—
    d.
    A lantern, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 185; cf. Lucr 2, 388; and Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 49.—
    e.
    An oil cruet, Hor S. 2, 2, 61.—
    f.
    A funnel, Verg. G. 3, 509; Col. 6, 2, 7 al.—
    II.
    Trop., as an emblem of power, courage, strength, might (the figure taken from bullocks. Also in Heb. a very freq. metaph.; cf. Gesen. Lex. s. v., p. 906, 6; poet.):

    ne in re secundā nunc mi obvortat cornua,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 5:

    venerunt capiti cornua sera meo,

    Ov. Am. 3, 11,:

    tunc pauper cornua sumit,

    gains strength, courage, id. A. A. 1, 239; cf.

    . tu (sc. amphora) addis cornua pauperi, etc.,

    Hor. C. 3, 21, 18.—Hence Bacchus, as a giver of courage, is represented with horns, Tib. 2, 1, 3; Hor. C. 2, 19, 30; v. Bacchus, I.; cf. of a river-god, I. B. 2. c. supra.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Cornucopia

  • 10 capud

    căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:

    capiti,

    Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].
    I.
    The head, of men and animals:

    oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,

    Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:

    tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,

    cano capite,

    id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:

    capitis nives,

    Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:

    raso capite calvus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:

    irraso,

    id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:

    intonsum,

    Quint. 12, 10, 47:

    amputare alicui,

    Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:

    capite operto,

    Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:

    obvoluto,

    id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:

    caput aperire,

    id. ib.:

    abscindere cervicibus,

    id. ib. 11, 2, 5:

    demittere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:

    extollere,

    to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—
    b.
    Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:

    ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,

    over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:

    nec caput nec pedes,

    neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—
    c.
    Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—
    d.
    Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:

    aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,

    run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—
    e.
    Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—
    2.
    Transf., of inanimate things.
    a.
    In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):

    ulpici,

    Cato, R. R. 71:

    allii,

    Col. 6, 34, 1:

    porri,

    id. 11, 3, 17:

    papaveris,

    Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:

    bulborum,

    Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

    caulis,

    id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:

    jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),

    Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:

    extorum,

    Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:

    tignorum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

    columnae,

    Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:

    molis,

    the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:

    xysti,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:

    porticus,

    id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—
    b.
    Esp., of rivers,
    (α).
    The origin, source, spring ( head):

    caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,

    Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:

    fontium,

    Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—
    (β).
    (more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—
    c.
    Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:

    vitis,

    id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—
    d.
    Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —
    e.
    Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—
    f.
    Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;

    hence, facere,

    to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—
    II.
    Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;

    v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:

    hoc conruptum'st caput,

    id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:

    siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:

    ridiculum caput!

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:

    festivum,

    id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:

    lepidum,

    id. ib. 5, 9, 9:

    carum,

    Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

    liberum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:

    vilia,

    Liv. 25, 6, 9:

    viliora,

    id. 9, 26, 22:

    vilissima,

    id. 24, 5, 13:

    ignota,

    id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:

    liberorum servorumque,

    id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:

    istic capiti dicito,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

    vae capiti tuo,

    id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:

    capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,

    souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:

    quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:

    in singulos,

    id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:

    exactio capitum,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,

    capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,

    Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—
    III.
    Trop.
    1.
    Life, and specif.,
    a.
    Physical life:

    carum,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:

    si capitis res siet,

    if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:

    capitis poena,

    capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:

    pactum pro capite pretium,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

    cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,

    id. ib. 1, 12, 38:

    cum dimicatione capitis,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

    suo capite decernere,

    id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:

    caput offerre pro patriā,

    Cic. Sull. 30, 84:

    patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,

    Ov. M. 8, 94; so,

    capitis accusare,

    to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:

    absolvere,

    id. Milt. 7, 6:

    damnare,

    id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:

    tergo ac capite puniri,

    Liv. 3, 55, 14:

    caput Jovi sacrum,

    id. 3, 55, 7:

    sacratum,

    id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—
    b.
    Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;

    cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,

    Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:

    capitis minor,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:

    servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,

    Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—
    2. (α).
    With gen.:

    scelerum,

    an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:

    perjuri,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 55:

    concitandorum Graecorum,

    Cic. Fl. 18, 42:

    consilil,

    Liv. 8, 31, 7:

    conjurationis,

    id. 9, 26, 7:

    caput rei Romanae Camillus,

    id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

    caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,

    id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:

    reipublicae,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    nominis Latini,

    heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:

    belli,

    id. 45, 7, 3:

    Suevorum,

    chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:

    capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,

    Liv. 10, 1, 3.—
    (β).
    With esse and dat.:

    ego caput fui argento reperiundo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:

    illic est huic rei caput,

    author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

    corpori valido caput deerat,

    guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:

    esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,

    id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;

    thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,

    head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:

    pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,

    Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:

    Romam caput Latio esse,

    id. 8, 4, 5; and:

    brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,

    id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:

    castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,

    the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:

    jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,

    the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

    patrimonii publici,

    id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:

    caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,

    id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;

    ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,

    id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:

    litterarum,

    summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

    caput Epicuri,

    the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:

    a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:

    id quod caput est,

    Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;

    opp. usurae),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > capud

  • 11 caput

    căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:

    capiti,

    Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].
    I.
    The head, of men and animals:

    oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,

    Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:

    tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,

    cano capite,

    id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:

    capitis nives,

    Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:

    raso capite calvus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:

    irraso,

    id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:

    intonsum,

    Quint. 12, 10, 47:

    amputare alicui,

    Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:

    capite operto,

    Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:

    obvoluto,

    id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:

    caput aperire,

    id. ib.:

    abscindere cervicibus,

    id. ib. 11, 2, 5:

    demittere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:

    extollere,

    to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—
    b.
    Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:

    ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,

    over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:

    nec caput nec pedes,

    neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—
    c.
    Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—
    d.
    Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:

    aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,

    run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—
    e.
    Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—
    2.
    Transf., of inanimate things.
    a.
    In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):

    ulpici,

    Cato, R. R. 71:

    allii,

    Col. 6, 34, 1:

    porri,

    id. 11, 3, 17:

    papaveris,

    Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:

    bulborum,

    Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

    caulis,

    id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:

    jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),

    Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:

    extorum,

    Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:

    tignorum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

    columnae,

    Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:

    molis,

    the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:

    xysti,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:

    porticus,

    id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—
    b.
    Esp., of rivers,
    (α).
    The origin, source, spring ( head):

    caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,

    Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:

    fontium,

    Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—
    (β).
    (more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—
    c.
    Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:

    vitis,

    id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—
    d.
    Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —
    e.
    Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—
    f.
    Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;

    hence, facere,

    to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—
    II.
    Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;

    v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:

    hoc conruptum'st caput,

    id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:

    siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:

    ridiculum caput!

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:

    festivum,

    id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:

    lepidum,

    id. ib. 5, 9, 9:

    carum,

    Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

    liberum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:

    vilia,

    Liv. 25, 6, 9:

    viliora,

    id. 9, 26, 22:

    vilissima,

    id. 24, 5, 13:

    ignota,

    id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:

    liberorum servorumque,

    id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:

    istic capiti dicito,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

    vae capiti tuo,

    id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:

    capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,

    souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:

    quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:

    in singulos,

    id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:

    exactio capitum,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,

    capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,

    Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—
    III.
    Trop.
    1.
    Life, and specif.,
    a.
    Physical life:

    carum,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:

    si capitis res siet,

    if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:

    capitis poena,

    capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:

    pactum pro capite pretium,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

    cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,

    id. ib. 1, 12, 38:

    cum dimicatione capitis,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

    suo capite decernere,

    id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:

    caput offerre pro patriā,

    Cic. Sull. 30, 84:

    patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,

    Ov. M. 8, 94; so,

    capitis accusare,

    to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:

    absolvere,

    id. Milt. 7, 6:

    damnare,

    id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:

    tergo ac capite puniri,

    Liv. 3, 55, 14:

    caput Jovi sacrum,

    id. 3, 55, 7:

    sacratum,

    id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—
    b.
    Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;

    cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,

    Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:

    capitis minor,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:

    servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,

    Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—
    2. (α).
    With gen.:

    scelerum,

    an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:

    perjuri,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 55:

    concitandorum Graecorum,

    Cic. Fl. 18, 42:

    consilil,

    Liv. 8, 31, 7:

    conjurationis,

    id. 9, 26, 7:

    caput rei Romanae Camillus,

    id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

    caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,

    id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:

    reipublicae,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    nominis Latini,

    heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:

    belli,

    id. 45, 7, 3:

    Suevorum,

    chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:

    capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,

    Liv. 10, 1, 3.—
    (β).
    With esse and dat.:

    ego caput fui argento reperiundo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:

    illic est huic rei caput,

    author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

    corpori valido caput deerat,

    guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:

    esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,

    id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;

    thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,

    head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:

    pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,

    Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:

    Romam caput Latio esse,

    id. 8, 4, 5; and:

    brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,

    id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:

    castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,

    the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:

    jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,

    the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

    patrimonii publici,

    id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:

    caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,

    id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;

    ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,

    id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:

    litterarum,

    summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

    caput Epicuri,

    the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:

    a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:

    id quod caput est,

    Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;

    opp. usurae),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caput

  • 12 kaput

    căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:

    capiti,

    Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].
    I.
    The head, of men and animals:

    oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,

    Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:

    tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,

    cano capite,

    id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:

    capitis nives,

    Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:

    raso capite calvus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:

    irraso,

    id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:

    intonsum,

    Quint. 12, 10, 47:

    amputare alicui,

    Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:

    capite operto,

    Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:

    obvoluto,

    id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:

    caput aperire,

    id. ib.:

    abscindere cervicibus,

    id. ib. 11, 2, 5:

    demittere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:

    extollere,

    to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—
    b.
    Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:

    ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,

    over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:

    nec caput nec pedes,

    neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—
    c.
    Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—
    d.
    Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:

    aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,

    run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—
    e.
    Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—
    2.
    Transf., of inanimate things.
    a.
    In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):

    ulpici,

    Cato, R. R. 71:

    allii,

    Col. 6, 34, 1:

    porri,

    id. 11, 3, 17:

    papaveris,

    Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:

    bulborum,

    Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

    caulis,

    id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:

    jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),

    Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:

    extorum,

    Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:

    tignorum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

    columnae,

    Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:

    molis,

    the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:

    xysti,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:

    porticus,

    id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—
    b.
    Esp., of rivers,
    (α).
    The origin, source, spring ( head):

    caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,

    Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:

    fontium,

    Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—
    (β).
    (more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—
    c.
    Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:

    vitis,

    id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—
    d.
    Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —
    e.
    Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—
    f.
    Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;

    hence, facere,

    to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—
    II.
    Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;

    v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:

    hoc conruptum'st caput,

    id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:

    siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:

    ridiculum caput!

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:

    festivum,

    id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:

    lepidum,

    id. ib. 5, 9, 9:

    carum,

    Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

    liberum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:

    vilia,

    Liv. 25, 6, 9:

    viliora,

    id. 9, 26, 22:

    vilissima,

    id. 24, 5, 13:

    ignota,

    id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:

    liberorum servorumque,

    id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:

    istic capiti dicito,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

    vae capiti tuo,

    id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:

    capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,

    souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:

    quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:

    in singulos,

    id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:

    exactio capitum,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,

    capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,

    Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—
    III.
    Trop.
    1.
    Life, and specif.,
    a.
    Physical life:

    carum,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:

    si capitis res siet,

    if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:

    capitis poena,

    capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:

    pactum pro capite pretium,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

    cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,

    id. ib. 1, 12, 38:

    cum dimicatione capitis,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

    suo capite decernere,

    id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:

    caput offerre pro patriā,

    Cic. Sull. 30, 84:

    patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,

    Ov. M. 8, 94; so,

    capitis accusare,

    to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:

    absolvere,

    id. Milt. 7, 6:

    damnare,

    id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:

    tergo ac capite puniri,

    Liv. 3, 55, 14:

    caput Jovi sacrum,

    id. 3, 55, 7:

    sacratum,

    id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—
    b.
    Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;

    cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,

    Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:

    capitis minor,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:

    servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,

    Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—
    2. (α).
    With gen.:

    scelerum,

    an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:

    perjuri,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 55:

    concitandorum Graecorum,

    Cic. Fl. 18, 42:

    consilil,

    Liv. 8, 31, 7:

    conjurationis,

    id. 9, 26, 7:

    caput rei Romanae Camillus,

    id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

    caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,

    id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:

    reipublicae,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    nominis Latini,

    heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:

    belli,

    id. 45, 7, 3:

    Suevorum,

    chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:

    capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,

    Liv. 10, 1, 3.—
    (β).
    With esse and dat.:

    ego caput fui argento reperiundo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:

    illic est huic rei caput,

    author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

    corpori valido caput deerat,

    guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:

    esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,

    id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;

    thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,

    head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:

    pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,

    Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:

    Romam caput Latio esse,

    id. 8, 4, 5; and:

    brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,

    id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:

    castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,

    the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:

    jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,

    the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

    patrimonii publici,

    id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:

    caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,

    id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;

    ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,

    id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:

    litterarum,

    summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

    caput Epicuri,

    the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:

    a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:

    id quod caput est,

    Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;

    opp. usurae),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > kaput

  • 13 posteriora

    postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.
    I.
    Posit.:

    cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

    Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

    in posterum diem distulit,

    id. Deiot. 7, 21:

    postero die mane,

    id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

    postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

    Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

    postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

    lux,

    id. S. 1, 5, 39:

    posterā Crescam laude,

    in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

    posteri dies,

    unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,
    2.
    Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

    expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

    posterūm gloria,

    Tac. A. 3, 72:

    postero, for postero die,

    on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

    quam minimum credula postero,

    Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

    in posterum oppugnationem differt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

    in posterum confirmat,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

    multum in posterum providerunt,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

    longe in posterum prospicere,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—
    B.
    Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—
    II.
    Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.
    A.
    Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

    opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

    nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

    id. Or. 6, 21:

    ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

    id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

    posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

    the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

    genua,

    id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

    pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

    Ov. F. 4, 718:

    posteriores cogitationes,

    afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

    paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

    id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

    Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

    id. Brut. 11, 48:

    quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

    alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

    cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

    id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—
    2.
    Subst.
    a.
    postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

    quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

    Dig. 38, 10, 10.—
    b.
    postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

    posterius dicere,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

    posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

    i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

    jubet posterius ad se reverti,

    Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

    Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

    had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—
    B.
    Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

    quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

    suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

    id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

    nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

    id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

    omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

    I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

    cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

    Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —
    III.
    Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.
    A.
    postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

    alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

    last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

    acies,

    the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

    in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

    now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

    in postremo libro,

    at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

    mense postremo,

    Pall. 7, 2:

    munus, i. e. exsequiae,

    the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

    nec postrema cura,

    not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

    non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

    especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

    omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

    primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

    id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

    sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

    si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

    postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

    Pall. 12, 22.—
    2.
    Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

    postremum genus,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

    servitus postremum malorum omnium,

    id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

    ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

    App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

    cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

    App. Mag. p. 336.—
    B.
    po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

    Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

    late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

    is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

    Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

    postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

    Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

    non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

    si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

    Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

    postuma spes,

    the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

    suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

    id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

    cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

    with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—
    * 2.
    Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

    de postumo corporis,

    Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > posteriora

  • 14 posteriores

    postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.
    I.
    Posit.:

    cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

    Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

    in posterum diem distulit,

    id. Deiot. 7, 21:

    postero die mane,

    id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

    postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

    Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

    postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

    lux,

    id. S. 1, 5, 39:

    posterā Crescam laude,

    in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

    posteri dies,

    unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,
    2.
    Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

    expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

    posterūm gloria,

    Tac. A. 3, 72:

    postero, for postero die,

    on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

    quam minimum credula postero,

    Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

    in posterum oppugnationem differt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

    in posterum confirmat,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

    multum in posterum providerunt,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

    longe in posterum prospicere,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—
    B.
    Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—
    II.
    Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.
    A.
    Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

    opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

    nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

    id. Or. 6, 21:

    ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

    id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

    posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

    the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

    genua,

    id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

    pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

    Ov. F. 4, 718:

    posteriores cogitationes,

    afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

    paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

    id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

    Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

    id. Brut. 11, 48:

    quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

    alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

    cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

    id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—
    2.
    Subst.
    a.
    postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

    quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

    Dig. 38, 10, 10.—
    b.
    postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

    posterius dicere,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

    posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

    i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

    jubet posterius ad se reverti,

    Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

    Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

    had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—
    B.
    Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

    quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

    suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

    id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

    nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

    id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

    omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

    I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

    cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

    Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —
    III.
    Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.
    A.
    postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

    alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

    last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

    acies,

    the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

    in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

    now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

    in postremo libro,

    at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

    mense postremo,

    Pall. 7, 2:

    munus, i. e. exsequiae,

    the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

    nec postrema cura,

    not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

    non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

    especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

    omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

    primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

    id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

    sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

    si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

    postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

    Pall. 12, 22.—
    2.
    Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

    postremum genus,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

    servitus postremum malorum omnium,

    id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

    ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

    App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

    cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

    App. Mag. p. 336.—
    B.
    po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

    Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

    late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

    is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

    Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

    postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

    Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

    non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

    si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

    Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

    postuma spes,

    the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

    suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

    id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

    cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

    with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—
    * 2.
    Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

    de postumo corporis,

    Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > posteriores

  • 15 posterius

    postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.
    I.
    Posit.:

    cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

    Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

    in posterum diem distulit,

    id. Deiot. 7, 21:

    postero die mane,

    id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

    postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

    Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

    postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

    lux,

    id. S. 1, 5, 39:

    posterā Crescam laude,

    in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

    posteri dies,

    unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,
    2.
    Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

    expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

    posterūm gloria,

    Tac. A. 3, 72:

    postero, for postero die,

    on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

    quam minimum credula postero,

    Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

    in posterum oppugnationem differt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

    in posterum confirmat,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

    multum in posterum providerunt,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

    longe in posterum prospicere,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—
    B.
    Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—
    II.
    Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.
    A.
    Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

    opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

    nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

    id. Or. 6, 21:

    ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

    id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

    posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

    the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

    genua,

    id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

    pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

    Ov. F. 4, 718:

    posteriores cogitationes,

    afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

    paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

    id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

    Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

    id. Brut. 11, 48:

    quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

    alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

    cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

    id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—
    2.
    Subst.
    a.
    postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

    quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

    Dig. 38, 10, 10.—
    b.
    postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

    posterius dicere,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

    posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

    i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

    jubet posterius ad se reverti,

    Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

    Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

    had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—
    B.
    Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

    quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

    suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

    id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

    nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

    id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

    omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

    I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

    cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

    Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —
    III.
    Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.
    A.
    postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

    alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

    last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

    acies,

    the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

    in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

    now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

    in postremo libro,

    at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

    mense postremo,

    Pall. 7, 2:

    munus, i. e. exsequiae,

    the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

    nec postrema cura,

    not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

    non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

    especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

    omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

    primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

    id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

    sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

    si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

    postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

    Pall. 12, 22.—
    2.
    Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

    postremum genus,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

    servitus postremum malorum omnium,

    id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

    ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

    App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

    cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

    App. Mag. p. 336.—
    B.
    po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

    Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

    late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

    is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

    Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

    postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

    Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

    non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

    si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

    Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

    postuma spes,

    the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

    suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

    id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

    cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

    with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—
    * 2.
    Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

    de postumo corporis,

    Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > posterius

  • 16 posterus

    postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.
    I.
    Posit.:

    cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

    Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

    in posterum diem distulit,

    id. Deiot. 7, 21:

    postero die mane,

    id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

    postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

    Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

    postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

    lux,

    id. S. 1, 5, 39:

    posterā Crescam laude,

    in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

    posteri dies,

    unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,
    2.
    Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

    expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

    posterūm gloria,

    Tac. A. 3, 72:

    postero, for postero die,

    on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

    quam minimum credula postero,

    Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

    in posterum oppugnationem differt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

    in posterum confirmat,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

    multum in posterum providerunt,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

    longe in posterum prospicere,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—
    B.
    Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—
    II.
    Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.
    A.
    Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

    opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

    nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

    id. Or. 6, 21:

    ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

    id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

    posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

    the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

    genua,

    id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

    pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

    Ov. F. 4, 718:

    posteriores cogitationes,

    afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

    paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

    id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

    Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

    id. Brut. 11, 48:

    quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

    alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

    cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

    id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—
    2.
    Subst.
    a.
    postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

    quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

    Dig. 38, 10, 10.—
    b.
    postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

    posterius dicere,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

    posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

    i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

    jubet posterius ad se reverti,

    Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

    Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

    had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—
    B.
    Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

    quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

    suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

    id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

    nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

    id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

    omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

    I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

    cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

    Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —
    III.
    Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.
    A.
    postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

    alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

    last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

    acies,

    the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

    in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

    now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

    in postremo libro,

    at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

    mense postremo,

    Pall. 7, 2:

    munus, i. e. exsequiae,

    the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

    nec postrema cura,

    not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

    non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

    especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

    omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

    primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

    id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

    sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

    si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

    postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

    Pall. 12, 22.—
    2.
    Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

    postremum genus,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

    servitus postremum malorum omnium,

    id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

    ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

    App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

    cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

    App. Mag. p. 336.—
    B.
    po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

    Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

    late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

    is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

    Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

    postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

    Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

    non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

    si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

    Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

    postuma spes,

    the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

    suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

    id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

    cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

    with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—
    * 2.
    Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

    de postumo corporis,

    Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > posterus

  • 17 postremus

    postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.
    I.
    Posit.:

    cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

    Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

    in posterum diem distulit,

    id. Deiot. 7, 21:

    postero die mane,

    id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

    postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

    Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

    postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

    lux,

    id. S. 1, 5, 39:

    posterā Crescam laude,

    in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

    posteri dies,

    unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,
    2.
    Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

    expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

    posterūm gloria,

    Tac. A. 3, 72:

    postero, for postero die,

    on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

    quam minimum credula postero,

    Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

    in posterum oppugnationem differt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

    in posterum confirmat,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

    multum in posterum providerunt,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

    longe in posterum prospicere,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—
    B.
    Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—
    II.
    Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.
    A.
    Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

    opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

    nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

    id. Or. 6, 21:

    ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

    id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

    posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

    the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

    genua,

    id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

    pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

    Ov. F. 4, 718:

    posteriores cogitationes,

    afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

    paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

    id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

    Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

    id. Brut. 11, 48:

    quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

    alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

    cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

    id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—
    2.
    Subst.
    a.
    postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

    quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

    Dig. 38, 10, 10.—
    b.
    postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

    posterius dicere,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

    posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

    i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

    jubet posterius ad se reverti,

    Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

    Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

    had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—
    B.
    Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

    quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

    suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

    id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

    nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

    id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

    omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

    I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

    cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

    Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —
    III.
    Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.
    A.
    postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

    alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

    last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

    acies,

    the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

    in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

    now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

    in postremo libro,

    at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

    mense postremo,

    Pall. 7, 2:

    munus, i. e. exsequiae,

    the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

    nec postrema cura,

    not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

    non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

    especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

    omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

    primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

    id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

    sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

    si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

    postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

    Pall. 12, 22.—
    2.
    Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

    postremum genus,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

    servitus postremum malorum omnium,

    id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

    ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

    App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

    cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

    App. Mag. p. 336.—
    B.
    po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

    Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

    late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

    is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

    Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

    postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

    Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

    non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

    si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

    Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

    postuma spes,

    the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

    suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

    id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

    cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

    with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—
    * 2.
    Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

    de postumo corporis,

    Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > postremus

  • 18 postumum

    postĕrus or poster (not in use in nom. sing. masc.), a, um, adj.—Comp: posterior, us.— Sup.: postremus or postumus, a, um [post], coming after, following, next, ensuing, future.
    I.
    Posit.:

    cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur,

    Cic. Clu. 13, 37:

    in posterum diem distulit,

    id. Deiot. 7, 21:

    postero die mane,

    id. Verr 2, 2, 17, § 41:

    postero die, Sall J. 75, 9: posterā nocte,

    Nep. Eum. 9, 4:

    postero anno, Cic. Fragm. pro C. Cornel.: postera aetas,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 42:

    lux,

    id. S. 1, 5, 39:

    posterā Crescam laude,

    in the esteem of posterity, id. C. 3, 30, 7:

    posteri dies,

    unlucky, Non. 73, 32.— Hence,
    2.
    Subst.: postĕri, ōrum, m., coming generations, descendants, posterity:

    expetantur eae poenae a liberis, a nepotibus, a posteris,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 90:

    posterūm gloria,

    Tac. A. 3, 72:

    postero, for postero die,

    on the following day, next day, id. ib. 4, 45; cf.:

    quam minimum credula postero,

    Hor. C. 1, 11, 8: in posterum, for in posterum diem, to the following day, till the next day:

    in posterum oppugnationem differt,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 11.—More freq.: in posterum (sc. tempus), in the future, for the future:

    in posterum confirmat,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 3:

    multum in posterum providerunt,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6; id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

    longe in posterum prospicere,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 1.—
    B.
    Trop., inferior (post-class.), Mart. Cap. 4, § 333.—
    II.
    Comp.: postĕ-rĭor, postĕrĭus.
    A.
    Lit., that comes or follows after, next in order, time, or place, latter, later, posterior (class.; strictly only when two objects or classes are contrasted in place or time;

    opp.: prior, superior): ut cum priore (dicto) necessario posterius cohaerere videntur,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 46, 86:

    nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum,

    id. Or. 6, 21:

    ea pertinere ad superiorem divisionem: contra posteriorem nihil dici oportere,

    id. Ac. 2, 31, 99; 2, 30, 96; id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

    posteriores pedes (opp.: pedes priores),

    the hind feet, Plin. 11, 45, 101, § 248; cf.:

    genua,

    id. 11, 45, 102, § 249:

    pars prior apparet, posteriora latent,

    Ov. F. 4, 718:

    posteriores cogitationes,

    afterthoughts, Cic. Phil. 12, 2, 5:

    paria esse debent posteriora superioribus,

    id. de Or. 3, 48, 186:

    Thucy dides paulo aetate posterior,

    id. Brut. 11, 48:

    quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 59.—Sometimes added to other words of contrast:

    alii... alii... tamen hi quoque posteriores, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 70:

    cujus est ratio duplex... facilior est haec posterior... sed illa lautior,

    id. Off. 2, 15, 52; cf. superior.—
    2.
    Subst.
    a.
    postĕ-rĭōres, um, m., for posteri, posterity (postclass.):

    quemadmodum omnes cognati supra tritavum, generali appellatione majores vocantur, ita post trinepotem posteriores,

    Dig. 38, 10, 10.—
    b.
    postĕrĭōra, um, n., the posteriors (post-class.), Lampr Elag. 5. — Adv.: postĕrĭus, later, afterwards (class.):

    posterius dicere,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 76:

    posterius istuc dicis quam credo tibi,

    i. e. I believe you before you speak, id. As. 1, 1, 48:

    jubet posterius ad se reverti,

    Cic. Verr 2, 4, 29, § 66:

    Thucydides si posterius fuisset,

    had he lived at a later period, id. Brut. 83, 288.—
    B.
    Trop., inferior, of less account or value, worse (class.):

    quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior suā dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 4; id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

    suam salutem posteriorem communi salute ducere,

    id. Rab. Perd. 1, 3:

    nihil posterius, nihil nequius,

    id. Pis. 27, 66 (al. protervius):

    omnes res posteriores pono atque operam do tibi,

    I lay every thing aside, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 7: non posteriores feram, I will not play the meanest part, I shall not be behindhand, Ter Ad. 5, 4, 26; cf.:

    cujus sic fortuna cum improbitate certavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset judicare,

    Cic. Prov Cons. 4, 8 fin. —
    III.
    Sup, in two forms, postrēmus and postŭmus, a, um.
    A.
    postrēmus, a, um, the hindmost, the last (class.):

    alia prima ponet, alia postrema,

    last, Cic. Or 15, 50:

    acies,

    the rear, Sall. J. 101, 5:

    in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse,

    now in the front, now in the rear, id. ib. 45, 2: postremā in comoediā, at the end of the piece, Plaut. Cist. fin.:

    in postremo libro,

    at the close of the book, Just. 43, 5:

    mense postremo,

    Pall. 7, 2:

    munus, i. e. exsequiae,

    the last honors, Cat. 101, 3:

    nec postrema cura,

    not the last, least, Verg. G. 3, 404; cf.:

    non in postremis, i. e. in primis,

    especially, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 17.— postrēmō, adv., at last, finally (class.), Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

    omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

    primum... deinde... postremo: denique... postremo,

    id. N. D. 1, 37, 104; Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: ad postremum, at last, finally, ultimately:

    sed ad postremum nihil apparet,

    Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 23; Sall. Fragm. ap. Aug. Civ. Dei, 3, 17; Liv. 38, 16; Hirt. B. G. 8, 43: postremum, for the last time:

    si id facis, hodie postremum me vides, Ter And. 2, 1, 22: in quo (vestigio) ille postremum institisset,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 2, 6: postremum, at last:

    postremum mel et acetum superfundes,

    Pall. 12, 22.—
    2.
    Trop., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst (class.):

    postremum genus,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22: ut homines postremi pecuniis alienis locupletarentur, id. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

    servitus postremum malorum omnium,

    id. Phil. 2, 44, 113.—Hence, ante- and post-class., a new comp. postremior, and sup. postremissimus:

    ut possit videri nullum animal in terris homine postremius,

    App. de Deo Socr. p. 43 fin.: omnium nationum postremissimum nequissimumque existimatote, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

    cum adulescentulis postremissimis,

    App. Mag. p. 336.—
    B.
    po-stŭmus (acc. to an erroneous derivation, from post - humus, sometimes also post-humus), a, um, the last, said esp. of the youngest children, or of those born after the father's death, or after he had made his will, late-born, posthumous:

    Silvius... tua postuma proles, Quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia conjux Educet silvis,

    late-born son, Verg. A. 6, 763; cf. with this passage: postuma proles non eum significat, qui patre mortuo, sed qui postremo loco natus est, sicuti Silvius, qui Aeneā jam sene, tardo seroque partu est editus, Caesellius Vindex ap. Gell. 2, 16, 5.—On the other hand:

    is, qui post patris mortem natus est, dicitur postumus,

    Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.; and:

    postumus cognominatur post patris mortem natus,

    Fest. p. 238 Müll.; Plaut. ap. Fest. l. l.—As subst.: postŭmus, i, m., a posthumous child:

    non minus postumis quam jam natis testamento tutores dari posse,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 147:

    si quis postumis dederit tutores, hique vivo eo nascantur, an datio valeat?

    Dig. 26, 2, 16 fin.:

    postuma spes,

    the last, App. M. 4, p. 144, 26:

    suscipit doctrinam seram plane et postumam,

    id. Mag. p. 297, 23:

    cena quam postumā diligentiā praeparaverat,

    with extreme care, id. M. 6, p. 186, 25.—
    * 2.
    Subst.: postŭmum, i, n., that which is last, the end, extremity:

    de postumo corporis,

    Tert. adv. Gnost. 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > postumum

  • 19 caput

        caput itis, n    [CAP-], the head: Capillus circum caput Reiectus, T.: caput obnubito, L.: capitis nives, H.: capite operto: aperire: velare, L.: abscindere cervicibus: capite demisso: attollere, O.: extollere, to become bold: breve (equi), H.: coronatum (bovis), Tb.: per caput pedesque ire, heels over head, Ct.: dux cum exercitu supra caput est, i. e. is ready to fall upon us, S.: capita conferre, to lay heads together, i. e. to confer in secret, L.: caput aut collum petere, strike at the vital parts: haec alias inter caput extulit urbes, towers, i. e. excels, V.: aliena negotia Per caput saliunt, run through the head, i. e. the mind, H.: capitis labor, mental exertion, H. — Meton., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity: iocur sine capite (of a sacrifice), L.: in extis, O.: tignorum, Cs.: cornu duxit, donec curvata coirent capita, the ends, V. — The origin, source, spring, head (of a river), L.: caput unde erumpit Enipeus, V.: celsis caput urbibus exit, my source springs among great cities, V.—The mouth, embouchure (rare): multis capitibus in Oceanum influit, Cs.—Of plants: diducere terram ad capita, the roots, V.: papavera demisere caput, the heads, V.: capitum iugatio, branches (of the vine). — Of mountains, the summit: capita aspera montis, V. — Of persons, a head, person: ridiculum caput! T.: carum, V.: duo haec capita taeterrima: ignota, L.: di capiti ipsius reservent, for himself, V.: capiti cane talia Dardanio rebusque tuis, i. e. for Aeneas and yourself, V.: Perfidum, H.: de sacrando cum bonis capite alcuius, L.: ut caput Iovi sacraretur, L.—With numerals: capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII, souls, Cs.: nullum caput Proserpina fugit, H.: in capita, to each person, L.; cf. sus Triginta capitum fetūs enixa, V.—Fig., life, physical life: Capitis periculum adire, to risk life, T.: caput obiectare periclis, V.: capitis poena, capital punishment, Cs.: certamen capitis et famae: ut capite dimices tuo, L.: caput offerre pro patriā: patrium tibi crede caput (i. e. patris vitam), O.: accusatus capitis absolvitur, of a capital crime, N.: Sthenium capite damnare.—Civil life, personality, civil rights, liberty and citizenship: capitis causae, involving citizenship: iudicium capitis: capitis deminutio, loss of civil rights, Cs.—Poet.: capitis minor, H.—Of persons, a leader, chief, guide: concitandorum Graecorum: capita nominis Latini, heads, chiefs, L.: ut se Suevorum caput credant, chief tribe, Ta.: capita coniurationis securi percussi, L.: illic est huic rei caput, author, contriver, T.: ab illo fonte et capite Socrate: corpori valido caput deerat, leader, L.: ipsum Expugnare caput, the great man himself, H. —A head, chief, capital: Thebae totius Graeciae, first city, N.: Roma, orbis terrarum, L.: castellum eius regionis, principal place, L.: Romam caput Latio esse, L.: ius nigrum, cenae caput, principal dish: fundus, vestrae pecuniae, chief source of income: caput esse artis, decere, the note, characteristic: ad consilium de re p. dandum caput est nosse rem p., first qualification: caput litterarum cum alquo, reason for corresponding: Epicuri, chief dogma: caput belli et summa, V.—In writings, a division, paragraph, chapter: legis: caput Annianum de hereditatibus, passage in the will of A.— Of money, the principal sum, capital, stock: quibus ille de capite dempsisset, reduced their debts: de capite deducite alqd, L.: Quinas hic capiti mercedes exsecet, extort sixty per centum, H.
    * * *
    head; person; life; leader; top; source/mouth (river); capital (punishment); heading; chapter, principal division

    Latin-English dictionary > caput

  • 20 jure

    1.
    jūs, jūris, n. [kindred to Sanscr. yūsh, the same; cf. Gr. zômos], broth, soup, sauce (class.):

    cum una multa jura confundit cocus,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 120:

    quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:

    in jus vocat pisces cocus,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 9:

    negavit, se jure illo nigro delectatum,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98:

    in ea cena cocus meus praeter jus fervens nihil potuit imitari,

    id. Fam. 9, 20, 2:

    tepidum,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 81:

    male conditum,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 69.—In a sarcastic lusus verbb.: Verrinum, hog-broth, or the justice of Verres, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 121.—
    II.
    Transf., juice, mixture:

    addita creta in jus idem,

    the juice of the purple-fish, Plin. 35, 6, 26, § 44.
    2.
    jūs, jūris ( gen. plur. jurum for jurium, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 86; Cato ap. Charis. p. 72 and 109 P.:

    juribus,

    Dig. 13, 5, 3, § 1; Charis. p. 19: jure, arch. dat., Liv. 42, 28, 6; Corp. Ins. Lat. 198, 31), n. [kindred with Sanscr. yu, to join; cf. zeugnumi, jungo, qs. the binding, obliging; cf. lex from ligo], right, law, justice.
    I.
    Lit. (class.; in plur. very rare, except in nom. and acc.), that which is binding or obligatory; that which is binding by its nature, right, justice, duty:

    juris praecepta sunt haec, honeste vivere, alterum non laedere, suum cuique tribuere,

    Just. Inst. 1, 1, 3: jus naturale est quod natura omnia animalia docuit...videmus etenim cetera quoque animalia istius juris perita censeri, Dig. 1, 1, 1, § 3; Just. Inst. 1, 2 prooem.: omnes boni ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amant;

    per se jus est appetendum,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48: Gy. Amabo, hicine istuc decet? Le. Jusque fasque est, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 20:

    jus hic orat,

    id. Trin. 5, 2, 37; id. Ps. 1, 5, 123:

    omnium legum atque jurium fictor, conditor cluet,

    id. Ep. 3, 4, 90:

    jus hominum situm est in generis humani societate,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

    tenere,

    id. Caecin. 11:

    obtinere,

    to maintain, id. Quint. 9:

    de jure alicui respondere,

    to lay down the law, id. de Or. 2, 33, 142:

    respondere,

    id. Leg. 1, 4, 12: dicere, to pronounce judgment, give a judicial decision, as, e. g. the prætor:

    a Volcatio, qui Romae jus dicit,

    id. Fam. 13, 14; Verg. A. 7, 246; cf.:

    jura dare,

    id. ib. 1, 507:

    praetor quoque jus reddere dicitur, etiam cum inique decernit,

    Dig. 1, 1, 11: quid dubitas dare mihi argentum? S. Jus petis, fateor, you ask what is right, reasonable, Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 16:

    jus publicum,

    common right, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 65:

    jura communia,

    equal rights, Cic. Div. 1, 5:

    divina ac humana,

    id. Off. 1, 26:

    belli,

    id. Div. 2, 77:

    gentium,

    the law of nations, id. Off. 3, 5:

    quod naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, id apud omnes populos peraeque custoditur, vocaturque jus gentium,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 1:

    civile,

    the civil law, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109: quod quisque populus ipse sibi jus constituit, id ipsius proprium est vocaturque jus civile, Gai Inst. 1, 1:

    pontificium,

    Cic. Dom. 13, 34:

    praediatorium,

    id. Balb. 20:

    conjugialia,

    Ov. M. 6, 536:

    jus est, apponi pernam frigidam,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 26:

    jus fasque est,

    human and divine right, id. Cist. 1, 1, 22:

    juris nodos solvere,

    Juv. 8, 50.— Abl.: jūrĕ, adverb., with justice, justly:

    jure in eum animadverteretur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 19:

    jure ac merito,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 67, § 172; id. Cat. 3, 6, 14; Juv. 2, 34:

    et jure fortasse,

    id. Tusc. 3, 12, 26:

    et fortasse suo jure,

    id. Fin. 5, 2, 4:

    te ipse, jure optimo, merito incuses licet,

    with perfect justice, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 24:

    optimo jure,

    Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf.: pleno jure, Gai Inst. 1, 5, 14:

    justo jure,

    Liv. 21, 3, 4; cf.

    opp. to injuria: non quaero, jure an injuria sint inimici,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 150: summum jus, the extremity or utmost rigor of the law:

    non agam summo jure tecum,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 2, §

    4: ex quo illud, Summum jus, summa injuria, factum est jam tritum sermone proverbium,

    id. Off. 1, 10, 33;

    so opp. (aequum et bonum habere quod defendant), si contra verbis et litteris, et, ut dici solet, summo jure contenditur,

    id. Caecin. 23, 65.
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    A place where justice is administered, a court of justice:

    in jus ambula,

    come before a magistrate, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 22; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 43:

    in jus ire,

    Nep. Att. 6, 4:

    cum ad praetorem in jus adissemus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 147:

    in jus acres procurrunt,

    Hor. S. 1, 7, 20:

    aliquem in jus vocare,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 187; Hor. S. 2, 5, 29:

    aliquem in jus rapere,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 77;

    2, 3, 72: trahere,

    Juv. 10, 87.—
    B.
    Justice, justness of a thing:

    absolverunt, admiratione magis virtutis, quam jure causae,

    Liv. 1, 26.—
    C.
    Legal right, power, authority, permission:

    cum plebe agendi,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 31:

    materiae caedendae,

    Liv. 5, 55.—Of particular rights: jus eundi, a right of way, Gai Inst. 2, 31:

    jus agendi, aquamve ducendi,

    id. ib.:

    altius tollendi vel prospiciendi,

    id. ib. 4, 3: jus civitatis, the right to obtain the privileges of citizenship (cf. civitas;

    v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 640),

    Cic. Arch. 5, 11; id. Caecin. 34, 98; 35, 102; id. Verr. 2, 4, 11,§ 26:

    jus capiendi,

    Juv. 1, 56:

    testandi,

    id. 16, 51; cf. 6, 217: jus trium liberorum, Sen. ap. Lact. 1, 16, 10:

    patrium,

    the power of life and death over their children, Liv. 1, 26:

    homines recipere in jus dicionemque,

    id. 21, 61:

    sub jus judiciumque regis venire,

    id. 39, 24:

    (homo) sui juris,

    his own master, independent, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7, § 18:

    jus ad mulieres,

    over the women, Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 22:

    ut eodem jure essent, quo fuissent,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 13; cf.:

    melius, quod nil animis in corpora juris natura indulget,

    Juv. 2, 139.— The legal forms of the old jurists:

    jus Flavianum,

    Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > jure

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